One critical value microgrids bring to power systems is resilience, thecapability of being able to island from the main grid under certain conditionsand connect back when necessary. Once islanded, a microgrid must besynchronized to the main grid before reconnection to prevent severeconsequences. In general, synchronization of a single machine with the grid canbe easily achieved using a synchronizer. The problem becomes more challengingwhen it comes to a multi-bus microgrid with multiple distributed generators(DGs) and dispersed loads. All distributed generators need to be properlycontrolled in a coordinated way to achieve synchronization. This paper presentsa novel bi-level distributed cooperative control framework for a multi-busmicrogrid. In this framework, DGs work collaboratively in a distributed mannerusing the minimum and sparse communication. The topology of the communicationnetwork can be flexible which supports the plug-and-play feature of microgrids.Fast and deterministic synchronization can be achieved with tolerance tocommunication latency. Experimental results obtained from Hardware-in-the-Loop(HIL) simulation demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
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